Manning, Clarence A. The Story of The Ukraine.  New York: Philosophical Society, 1947.

            xxvii + 326 pp., Map. LCCN: 47-3132.

 

            In his chapter relevant to the Famine, Manning states:

 

The result [of forced collectivization/dekurkulization] was the political famine of 1932-33.  .  .  The government confiscated all the grain in the villages and allowed the peasants to go hungry until they were ready to work for the government on its own terms.  The area was closed to the outside world (282). 

 

 

 

Manning, Clarence A.  Twentieth-Century Ukraine.  New York: Bookman Assoc., 1951.

xxii + 243 pp. Notes, Bibliography, Index. End-paper features Hrushershky’s History of Ukraine map of Ukraine.  LCCN: 51-1611.

 

A general history of Ukraine from “The Ukrainian Revival before 1914,” to a description of Ukraine’s position in the “East-West Conflict” circa the early Cold War and the Korean War.  Includes Ukraine’s relationship with Russia and the USSR, as well as Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Asia, Romania, Germany.  Displaced persons organizations developed in the camps are discussed as pertaining to the advancement of culture and education.

 

About the 1932-33 Famine (91-94), Manning writes:

 

“The world has seen cold-blooded massacres and mass starvation

before (mostly natural causes or war)…and the governments involved

have done their best to alleviate the human suffering.  In the case of the Ukrainian Famine, the situation was different.  The government deliberately profited by the shortage of crops to starve an unwanted portion of the population.  This had not been its policy in 1921, just ten years before,

when it was trying to cement its position.  …  There is no question that the Ukrainian Famine was deliberately engineered to break opposition and disintergrate the population” (93).

 

 

 

Manning, Clarence A.  Ukraine Under the Soviets.  New York: Bookman Associates, 1953. 

xxv + 223.  Index, Source Acknowledgement List includes fourteen Professors, who were Ukrainian Displaced Persons. LCCN: 53-11383.

 

Ukraine Under the Soviets explores aspects of Ukrainian life under Soviet domination from the Revolution to the post-World War II Era exposing the continuing nature of terror—e.g., the Katyn Massacre, and the Massacre of Ukrainian peasants at Vinnytsya (107-145).  Chapters relevant to the Famine include:

“The Five Year Plan” (85-92)

 

“The Famine” (93-102)

Barracks of death for children in Kharkhiv (100)

 

“The Famine, The Soviets, and The World” (103-107)

 

 

 

Marquis, Richard.  Life, Death, Survival and the Ukrainian Famine, 1932-1933.  Master’s

Thesis (History) Eastern Michigan University,Ypsilanti, Michigan, March 15, 2001.

iii + 120 pp. Endnotes, Works Cited, Appendices: List of Interviewees, Village, Province, Interview Questionnaire Village, and City, A Word to Future Researchers about Tapes and Transcripts, Addendum.  OCLC: 47919481.

Interviews of twelve survivors from villages near Kharkhiv, Kyiv, Poltava, Sumy, Dniepropetrovsk, and Kryvyi Rik, presently living in the United States and Canada.  States of Sheila Fitzpatrick’s Stalinism: New Directions, “The most up-to-date, best historiography. . . .  Fitzpatrick, a distinguished member of the revisionist community of scholars (5). Mentions rebuttal of Fitzpatrick by Daniel R. Brower in “Stalinism from Below” Russian Review 46:4 (1987): 379-382:

 

Brower voiced great antipathy for historical work that demonstrated too much emphasis on social-science vocabulary. . . that it would be better to place one’s reliance on what could be learned from subjectivity voiced in manuscripts, personal correspondence, publications, and petitions (10).

 

This thesis relies heavily on the revisionist historians, while slamming the “Cold War” historians in an example of the use of negative adjectives and allusions to create negative impressions of nationalism.  See specifically the description of Herriot’s trip.

 

Generally, the primary-source interviewees are not quoted directly, but their words and opinions are expressed in the author’s own paraphrasing describing what he claims the interviewees stated.  Unfortunately, Marquis forestalls any outside analysis of his source materials.  “Due to the personal investment of time and finances involved in conducting this research, the tapes and manuscripts are not currently available to researchers” (119).  This leaves room for questions regarding his statements and conclusions that can find no answer through independent analysis of these tapes and manuscripts.

 

 

 

Martin, Terry D. An Affirmative Action Empire: Ethnicity and the Soviet State, 1923-1938. 

Books 1 and 2 of 4 vols.  Ph.D. diss., (History) University of Chicago, December 1996.  UMI No.  9711247. vii + 1026 pp. Tables, Notes, Bibliography (983-1026).

OCLC: 40172402.

 

Book One

 

Martin’s first book deals with such issues as the Soviet Nationalities Policy as it developed from 1919-1923, and the Party’s Response through consideration of the Soviet Union as the first and most thorough-going affirmative action empire. “The Great Retreat” post-1933, and the Great Terror are examined.  Russian linguistic domination was a part of the effort to control the flowering Ukrainian culture, which was the largest Soviet ethnic minority.  This volume examines the matter from a more Russo-centric point of view (1-286). 

 

Table:

           

“Percentage of Union Activities in the Ukrainian Language, June 1932” (125)

 

Skrypnyk’s May 18, 1928 memo regarding Ukrainian being the official language of the Ukrainian SSR:

 

Russian is the language of a national minority, despite its numerical significance, despite the fact that it has behind it all of the Russian culture, the language in which Lenin wrote and in which the basic Communist work of TsK VKP/b/ is undertaken (155).

 

            Table:

“Okrug-level Employees Knowledge of Ukrainian, 1927-1930 (% of Employees” (167)

 

Jurii Larin wryly remarking on Skrypnyk’s citing of constitutionally discomforting points of law, “one frequently bursts out:  Ah, isn’t it all the same whether we put the comma here or there,” (180).             

           

            Tables:

 

“Literacy Rate in 1926 Western and Eastern Nationalities” (196)

Latvians were 78.1% literate, Ukrainians 41.3, and Russians 45.0.  By comparison, Kazakhs 7.1, and Kalmyks 10.9.

 

“Professional Education in the RSFSR by National Category, 1925/26-1929/30”

Notes percentage of Students in categories, “Russian,” “Cultural,” “Backward.”

Demonstrates drastic preference for Russian by type of school and choice of professions (260-261).

 

“Narkompros List of ‘Culturally-Backward Nationalities” (273)

 

Book Two

 

            Book Two (287-562) contains the chapters:

“The Politics of Korenizatsiia: Ethnicity and the State in Cultural Revolution” (380-462)

 

“Borders and Ethnic Conflict: The Formation of National Minority Soviets, 1923-1928” (463-562)

Includes Ukraine, Belorussia, and the RSFSR, the Soviet-Tartar, Kazakh, and Uzbek

 

“Terror in the National Republics, and Stalin’s Intervention: The Cultural Revolution as Acceleration” (450-461)

 

Extensive discussion of Jewish settlements in Ukraine (493-498)

 

Tables:

 

                                    “Number of National Soviets in Ukraine, 1924-1929 (485-486)

 

                                    “Pyramid of National Soviets” (504)

                                    Notes, “Personal nationality (fixed in passport in 1932)” (504)

 

            Pages 563-1026, chapters seven-ten comprise volumes three and four

 

            Chapters include:

 

            “The Kuban Affair and the National Interpretation of the 1933 Famine”

                       

Tables:

 

                                    “RSFSR Regions Bordering Belorussian SSR (by nationality)” (572)

 

“RSFSR Region Bordering Ukrainian SSR (Population by Nationality) (592-593)

 

In 1927, an increase in press coverage and ethnic concern for Ukrainians by those living outside the Ukrainian SSR increased fears of a once-again-independent Ukrainian State (597).

 

Table:

            “Numbers of National Soviets, ca. 1931-1935” (605)

 

Commission to compel fulfillment of 1932 grain quota met with Stalin (29 October 1932) before the November trip to Ukraine, and the issue of the blacklisting of three Kuban Cossack towns (612-616).

 

                        “National Interpretation of the Grain Requisition Crisis” (616-626)

 

                        “14 December 1932 Politburo Decree” (624-627)

 

                        “Ethnic Cleansing and Nationalities Terror” (627-631)

                       

“Kuban Cossacks were replaced with demobilized Red Army soldiers. In the fall of 1933, 14, 090 Red Army soldiers and their families were recruited to settle in Kuban.  By the end of 1933, a total of 41, 801 individuals had been placed in formerly Cossack towns” (628).

 

                        Russification, Skrypnyk’s suicide, and the rise of the Great Terror (632-695)

 

                        “Enemy Nations” (753-789)

                        Poles and Germans deported to Eastern Ukraine

 

“Language and Terror: Soviet Language Reform and Reaction, 1922-1940” (790-869)

 

                                    Table:

 

                                    “Russians Living outside the RSFSR, 1926 and 1939” (979)

 

 

 

Medvedev, Roy.  All Stalin’s Men.  Translated by Harold Shukman.  Garden City, New

York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1984, 1983.  vi + 184 pp. Epilogue, Notes and References, Glossary, Biographies, Index, Black-and-white Illustrations, ISBN: 0-38518-388-7.

 

Chapters of particular interest are those regarding V. M. Molotov (82-112), and L. M. Kaganovich (113-139).

 

 

 

Minnesota Committee for Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Soviet Created

Famine in Ukraine.  “Fifty Years Ago—The Famine Holocaust in Ukraine.” Minnesota: 1983. 4 pp.

 

This commemorative pamphlet contains a bibliographic list.

 

 

 

“Moeller, Susan D.  Compassion Fatigue: How the Media Sells Disease, Famine, War and

Death.  London: Routledge, 1999.  v + 390.  Notes, Index.  ISBN: 0-415-92097-3.

 

Helps to explain the common lack of knowledge about the Ukrainian Famine despite the fact that this event took place during the 20th Century that claimed millions of lives.  Moeller explores journalistic techniques, trends, the art of making news that sells despite time/space/budgetary constraints, and photographic and journalistic practices.  While this book does not deal directly with the Holodomor, it is an important study in how such devastating events are shown to the reading or viewing public.  She discusses what makes the most successful fund-raising campaign, and whether private or public relief efforts are more effective.  She shows when and how an event is big, unique, or universal enough to stimulate a reaction in the United States audience, specifically.

 

 

 

Mohylyn, Petro.  “A Spring Tragedy.” ii + 8pp.  Includes Black-and-white Photographic

Illustrations.

 

This item is available for examination at:

 The Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the US, Inc.</NOBR>
206 West 100th Street
New York, NY 10025
tel: 212-222-1866, fax: 212-864-3977

 

            “Spring in the USSR” (1-6)

 

“Dependents (the aged, children, the sick and others unable to work are unacceptable for attention and no food products are given them in accordance with the socialist principle, ‘who does not labor—does not eat.’ The measure of kolkhoznik’s earnings is based, generally, from 200-700 grams of grain daily consumption, or 50 kilograms per year” (3).

 

Workdays “are not astronomical day, but is measured by a definite norm of work which the kolkhoznik performs… frequently so high, that the fulfillment of a single work norm requires 2-3 astronomical days” (3).

 

            “A City of Corpses” (6-8).